Preamble to the Constitution of India. The original text of the Preamble, (before the 4. Amendment) of the Constitution. The 'Preamble' of the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document derives its authority, meaning, the people. It may be considered as the soul of Constitution. The preamble can be referred to as the preface which highlights the entire Constitution. It was adopted on 2. November 1. 94. 9 by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 2. January, 1. 95. 0. Historic background. Nandalal Bose endorsed Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's artwork without any alteration whatsoever. As such, the page bears Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's short signature Ram in Devanagari lower- right corner. Dr. Nor can liberty and equality be divorced from fraternity. Without equality, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many. Equality without liberty would kill individual initiative. Without fraternity, liberty and equality could not become a natural course of things. However, Supreme Court of India has, in the Kesavananda case, overruled earlier decisions and recognised that the preamble may be used to interpret ambiguous areas of the constitution where differing interpretations present themselves. Kala Bhavan, the centre for fine arts was set up under the stewardship of Acharya Nandalal Bose. Bose, who was a nationalist and very close to Mahatma Gandhi, created a home-spun curriculum of art education that incorporated Tagore's notions about creativity.In the 1. 99. 5 case of Union Government Vs LIC of India also, the Supreme Court has once again held that Preamble is the integral part of the Constitution. As originally enacted the preamble described the state as a . In 1. 97. 6 the Forty- second Amendment changed this to read . It also emphasizes that the constitution is made by and for the Indian people and not given to them by any outside power (such as the British Parliament). Rousseau: All the power emanates from the people and the political system will be accountable and responsible to the people. Sovereign. She allies in peace and war. The Popular sovereignty is also one of the basic structures of constitution of India. Hence, Citizens of India also enjoy sovereign power to elect their representatives through elections held for the parliament, state legislature and local bodies as well. People have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of India. The Commonwealth is a free association of sovereign Nations. It is no longer British Commonwealth. India does not accept the British Queen as the head of state. The sovereignty empowers India to either acquire a foreign territory or cede a part of its territory in favour of a foreign . A mixed economy in which both Public sector and Private sector run together as two wheels of economic development. Secular. By the 4. Amendment in 1. 97. Secularism is the basic structure of the Indian constitution. The Government respects all religions. It does not uplift or degrade any particular religion. There is no such thing as a state religion for India. Bommai vs UOI (1. The SC of India held . Positively, Indian secularism guarantees equal freedom to all religion. Explaining the meaning of secularism as adopted by India, Alexander Owics has written, . The people of India elect their governments at all levels (Union, State and local) by a system of universal adult franchise; popularly known as . Every citizen of India,Amendment years of age and above and not otherwise debarred by law, is entitled to vote. Every citizen enjoys this right without any discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, colour, sex, Religious intolerance or education. View Acharya Bose's business profile as Painter at Shantiniketan and see work history, affiliations and more. During my greenhorn days, a relative Indusudha Ghosh, a student of Shantiniketan's painter Acharya Nandalal Bose, was a major exception to the.
The word 'democratic' not only refer to political but also to social & economic democracy. This word denotes a government where no one holds a public power as proprietary right . As opposed to a monarchy, in which the head of state is appointed on hereditary basis for a lifetime or until he abdicates from the throne, a democratic republic is an entity in which the head of state is elected, directly or indirectly, for a fixed tenure. The President of India is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The post of the President of India is not hereditary. Every citizen of India is eligible to become the President of the country. The leader of the state is elected by the people. This establishes that there are no unreasonable restrictions on Indian citizens in term of what they think, their manner of expressions and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action. This is found to be an important tool in ensuring democratic framework. However, liberty does not mean freedom to do anything, and it must be exercised within the constitutional limits. Equality. It embraces psychological as well as territorial dimensions of National Integration. It leaves no room for regionalism, communalism, casteism etc. B. R Ambedkar. Amendablity. It said that Preamble is Part of Constitution and is subject to the amending power of the parliament as any other provisions of the Constitution, provided the basic structure of the constitution is not destroyed. It has been clarified by the Supreme Court of India that being a part of Constitution, the Preamble can be subjected to Constitutional Amendments exercised under article 3. Forty- second Amendment. A committee under the chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh recommended that this amendment be enacted after being constituted to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experience. Through this amendment the words . Preamble of the Constitution of India: An Insight and Comparison with Other Constitutions. New Delhi: Deep & Deep. Retrieved 1. 2 November 2. Indian Polity (4th ed.). Mc. Graw Hill Education. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 2. Retrieved 1 December 2. Indian Polity (4th ed.). Mc. Graw Hill Education. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 2. Indian Polity (4th ed.). Mc. Graw Hill Education. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 2.
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